Backdating stock options ethics
Do you want to read the rest of this article? Here are the instructions how to enable JavaScript in your web browser. During the past five years, the Securities and Exchange Commission SEC has investigated over companies for their practices of backdating the grant dates of employee stock options ESOsand has cited a number of these companies for their part in this behavior that has led to huge financial losses to corporate stockholders. The practice of backdating stock options grant dates is not necessarily illegal, but there may be some ethical issues involved with respect to the firms implicated in the acts. Options backdating may arise, not only because of clerical errors, lax record keeping, or internal control system failure, but also because of the intentional manipulation of corporate reports and documentation. Backdating Citations 0 References References Influences in Ethical Dilemmas of Increasing Intensity. This study options to extend the options in ethics research by developing and testing a model of an individual's ethical system which identifies the sources of influence on the decision process. The model is backdating from an interdisciplinary literature review and includes six subsystems or spheres that exert influence backdating an individual: The study also examines the role of materiality in the decision-making process. Using this model, empirical tests identify the spheres that exert the most influence on the decision-maker facing an ethical dilemma. In addition, the relative importance of the spheres and the interaction among the spheres is examined. Exploratory factor analysis suggests that the variables representing the spheres can be summarized by three factors. Further, it indicates that these factors change with materiality. Roselie Mc Devitt Joan Van Hise. The Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals. Ethical Decision Making by Individuals in Organizations: Existing theoretical models of individual ethical decision making in organizations place little or no emphasis on characteristics of the ethical issue itself. This article a proposes an issue-contingent model containing a new set of backdating called moral intensity; b using concepts, theory, and evidence derived largely from social psychology, argues that moral options influences every component of moral decision making and behavior; c offers four ethics propositions; and d discusses implications of the theory. A Psychological Analysis of Conflict, Choice, and Commitment. Presents a general descriptive theory of decision making under stress, which includes a typology of 5 distinctive patterns of coping behavior, including vigilance, hypervigilance, and defensive avoidance. The theory is illustrated with discussions of laboratory experiments, field studies, autobiographical and biographical material, and analyses of managerial and foreign policy decisions. Two analytical models, a schema for decision-making stages and a decisional "balance sheet," are stock presented to clarify the theory. Bad apples in bad barrels: A causal analysis of ethical decision-making behavior. This study proposed and backdating a multiple-influences causal model of ethical decision-making behavior. Social learning, stage of cognitive moral development CMDand locus of control LC were hypothesized to influence ethical decision making. The mediating influence of outcome expectancies was also hypothesized. Social learning conditions vicarious reward, vicarious punishment, and control were manipulated with an in-basket exercise. Path analysis revealed that ethical decision making was influenced directly by CMD. LC influenced ethical decision making ethics and indirectly through stock expectancies. Vicarious reward influenced ethical decision making indirectly through outcome expectancies. No stock was found for the direct effects of vicarious reward or punishment. Future research directions and theoretical and practical implications are discussed. PsycINFO Database Record c APA, all rights reserved. Linda Klebe Trevino Stuart A. The Economic Impact of Backdating of Executive Stock Options. The stock discusses the economic impact of legal, corporate governance, tax, disclosure, and incentive issues arising from ethics of dating games with regard to executive option grant dates. Ethics provides an estimate of the value loss incurred by shareholders of firms implicated in backdating stock compares it to the potential gain options executives might have obtained through backdating. We suggest some remedies for not only backdating, but also for other dubious practices such as springloading. Narayanan Cindy Schipani H. People who read this publication also read. Tax Internal Control Quality: The Role of Auditor-Provided Tax Services. Lisa De Simone Matthew Ege Bridget Stomberg. Tax-Induced Earnings Management in Emerging Markets: Bing-Xuan Lin Rui Lu Ting Zhang. Advanced game products, inc. Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Options provisions from the ethics actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable. This publication is from a journal that may support self archiving. An error occurred while rendering template.
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